They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). Ages). Maier. work-related (occupation name or an allusion to a
Today it is mostly known as the pseudonym of the German children's book author and illustrator . Founded in 1902, the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon descent. Notably, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, a medieval realm that existed roughly . Romanian-language map depicting the total territorial extent of the Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania. Under the influence of Johannes Honterus, the great majority of the Transylvanian Saxons embraced the new creed of Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation. u. Fortification of the towns. mannerisms). Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. I cant explain this kind of attachment, Stanciu said. 50. Traditional Saxon buildings are a type of vernacular architecture, made from local materials and designed to fit the needs and functions of a people. Saxons who had fought on behalf of the Third Reich were often left marooned in Germany and unwanted by the new authorities in . B etween the collapse of the Ceausescu regime in December 1989 and the spring of 1990, half a million indigenous so-called "Saxons" fled Romania for West Germany. Additionally, the surrounding areas of the present-day town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (former European Capital of Culture in 2007 alongside Luxembourg City) were formed of marshlands in the High Middle Ages. It is an attachment felt by many with roots in this ancient community. The coastal stretch from the Elbe to the . This is the textile room, museum and guest room for friends, Herberth said, standing next to a 300-year-old oak weaving loom, which Stanciu has learned to use. Although the Hungarian control over Transylvania was defeated by Austrian and Imperial Russian forces in 1849, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary in 1867 did not represent a positive transformation for the political rights of the Saxons. The militia banner of the Saxons from Heldsdorf (Romanian: Hlchiu), Braov County during the 184849 Hungarian Revolution, Distribution of Saxons in Transylvania at the end of the 19th century, Saxon couple (late 19th century illustration), Saxon couple from Sibiu/Hermannstadt area, c. 1900. Welcome to Geni, home of the world's largest family tree. Stanciu has a background in anthropology and cultural policy, but now specialises in a range of traditional crafts, while Herberth works as a carpenter and restorer and researches ancient craft techniques. Saxons came to Transylvania during the mid 1100s from . Salt Anglo-Saxon, English. The churches were positioned on high points overlooking the communities; stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone walls. The settlers clear the forest and build houses. Although the primary reason for Gza II's invitation was border defence, similar to employing the Szeklers against foreign invaders in the east of Transylvania, Germans were also sought for their mining expertise as well as the ability to develop the region's economy. Many saw it as an escape from communist Romania, and willingly left. Rooms were built inside the walls, serving as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times of siege. Join Geni to explore your genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. Consequently, the Transylvanian Saxons, together with other ethnic German sub-groups in then newly enlarged Kingdom of Romania (namely the Banat Swabians, Sathmar Swabians, Bessarabia Germans, Bukovina Germans, and Zipser Germans), became part of that country's broader German minority. ( Mac / Adobe Stock) Transylvanian Fortified Churches as Heritage of Saxon Settlers . . 4. 'Hauptstuhl' means head/high seat and this one in particular was the most important administrative unit and centre of the Transylvanian Saxons throughout the passing of time, in cultural, religious, and political regards. She died in 2014. Popescu is also one of the most common surnames in Romania and means"son of the priest". For example, if the father was named Aelfwald . It is also very important to mention the fact that Transylvanian Saxon as a regional dialect varied geographically and, consequently, that each village had its own form of it while still retaining mutual intelligibility between themselves as well. (Bhlau Verlag, Kln), 1976. It was used in writing to some text extent from then on, although High German was also used as a written language, and by the 19th century High German was the main written language used by Transylvanian Saxons. An alternative term for them in standard German is also 'wehrkirchen' (i.e. Transylvanian Saxon/Siweberjesch-Sksesch Material. The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (Jerman) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (Jerman) Over the next few centuries, they built seven fortress towns, known as the Siebenbrgen, and hundreds of fortified churches. Siebenbuergen - Transylvania
Siebenbrgisch-Schsischen
A second phase of German settlement during the early 13th century consisted of settlers primarily stemming from the Rhineland region, the southern Low Countries, and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia, Bavaria, and even from France. Church keeper Hildegard Linzing and her family all speak in the Saxon dialect when they are at home (Credit: Stephen McGrath). My great aunt lived here for more than 70 years, said Zakel, who bought the house last year from a family member. Lupu. 1935 Einwohnerbuch - Strehlen
"sparks" for a smith), personal characteristics
Alarmed by the knights' rapidly expanding power, in 1225 King Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Order from Transylvania permanently, which henceforth relocated to Prussia in 1226, although the colonists remained in Burzenland. The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral at Baia as seen in autumn. The tracht looks like a garment from a bygone era, and, with the changes the Saxon community has faced over the past few decades, to some degree it is. After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. Christian Tell, former mayor of Bucharest. Church keeper Hildegard Linzing, who was born in the village, arrives with her young daughter, both wearing a traditional tracht, a floral patterned, finely embroidered dress often worn on special occasions. In Transylvania, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in the Middle Ages; now only half of them still stand. They are a combination of German settlers from multiple regions along the river Mosel in Germany, which settled in Transylvania in the 11 th century. Stelle-verwandt (aktuelle Wohnung-Stelle, ehemaliger Wohnsitz,
You can visit the site to browse and explore issues of the Cleveland Siebenbrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt, 1939-1954. As a result of these agreements, approximately 95% of the members of the German ethnic group who were fit for military service (Transylvanian Saxons and Banat Swabians) voluntarily enrolled into the Waffen-SS units (approximately 63,000 people), with several thousand serving in the special units of the SS Security Service (SD-Sonderkommandos), of which at least 2,000 ethnic Germans were enrolled in the concentration camps (KZ-Wachkompanien), of which at least 55% served in extermination camps, predominantly in Auschwitz and Lublin. 4 of these people had two surnames. The Saxon Lutheran Church, a focal point of Saxon politics, lost 55% of its lands, and many towns lost over 50% of their private property (Gndisch 1). Saxon, member of a Germanic people who in ancient times lived in the area of modern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast. Other resolutions: 320 213 pixels | 640 427 pixels | 1,024 683 pixels | 1,280 853 pixels | 2,560 1,707 pixels. Romanian Saxon villages might be tiny, but the churches are mighty. Gergely Szilvay. und ihre Orte
It is believed to have Jute origin. Today, relatively few still live in Romania, where the second last official census (carried out in 2011) indicated 36,042 Germans, out of which only 11,400 were of Transylvanian Saxon descent. In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. However, Bucharest owes to its German-born king, Carol I, much of the systematization and modernization that occurred during late 1800s early 1900s. ), Die SS nach 1945: Entschuldungsnarrative, populre Mythen, europische Erinnerungsdiskurse, Paul Milata, Motive rumniendeutscher Freiwilliger zum Eintritt in die Waffen-SS in Die Waffen-SS, Neue Forschungen, Series; Krieg in der Geschichte, "SZAB M. ATTILA - Betekints az erdlyi szszok autonmijba", "Hencles reteta de lichiu sasesc cu unt, oua, smantana", "DESTINAII CU GUST Sibiu: Aperitive sseti - cornulee cu carne", "Brodelawend ciorb tradiional sseasc", "Hinweise zur Schreibung der siebenbrgisch-schsischen Ortsnamen", "Transylvanian Saxon (Siweberjesch Sksesch)", "Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (Siebenbrgen-Lied)", "Curriculum vitae Prof. univ. of the former Kingdom of Hungary). In the Middle Ages, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in Transylvania; now only half of them still stand (Credit: Stephen McGrath). On a scorching summer day in the Transylvanian village of apu (Abtsdorf an der Kokel in German), Doris-Evelyn Zakel is busy collecting pears from an old tree in the courtyard of her great aunts traditional Saxon home. Gert-Werner Liess lists a series of expressions used in the Zeiden dialect along with a standard German translation and an explanation of their meaning. . [16] Later on, the Saxons needed to further fortify both their rural and urban settlements against invading Ottomans (or against the invading and expanding Ottoman Empire). Its a lively event attended by throngs of locals. Working on the restoration of my own little Saxon house gives me a feeling of inner peace, she said. The surname is a Siebenburgen Saxon or Transylvanian Saxon specific surname. Eastern settlement). Later, with few opportunities emerging after communism ended, as many as half a million left between December 1989 and spring 1990, mostly to Germany, as freedom of movement opened up the country. The word is made of two Slavic language words, namely 'bogu' meaning 'god' and 'dan' meaning 'given.'. Transylvanian Saxon; in its longest form Siweberjesch-Sksesch) and remains, still to this day, very closely related to Luxembourgish with which it shares many lexical similarities. Fieraru - This is an occupational surname that means "blacksmith." Fischer - This Romanian surname means "fisherman." Funar - This last name means "rope maker." Maier - This is the short form of the Romanian word meaning "farmer. Barbaneagra. Das Siebenbrgenlied (i.e. For example, one of the traditions held was the "Neighborhood" (German: Nachbarschaften) in which many households formed a small supporting community. It has forty-three branches and approximately 10,000 members. Although the Teutonic Knights had left Transylvania, the Saxon colonists remained, and the king allowed them to retain the rights and obligations included within the Diploma Andreanum of 1224 by Hungarian King Andrew II. . Due to this emigration from Romania the population of Saxons is dwindling. [38] Historically, the town of Suceava has also been known in Old High German as Sedschopff. Transylvanian Saxon community from local particularism to embracing a broader German community. siebenbrgischen Namen auch die jene Nachnamen auf die in den 17ten
The Transylvanian Saxons also colonized areas outside the Carpathian arch, and, implicitly, outside their newly native lands across Transylvania starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages General site on the Transylvanian Saxons General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons Source: Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons. Of the 101 people, 55 had surnames (54.4%). I came [to my grandparents house in Cincu] to clear my mind and it just felt right I felt this was home. Together they are translated as "black beard". During the 5th century ce the Saxons spread rapidly through north Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain. Display. [50][51] Another traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is palukes. Nowadays, the vast majority of Transylvanian Saxons live in either Germany or Austria. They were promised full minority rights, but many wealthy Saxons lost part of their land in the land reform process that was implemented in the whole of Romania after World War I. A dictionary of Transylvanian Saxon was published in . Known as "Transylvanian Saxons," they occupied parts of Romania for centuries, establishing autonomous fortresses, cities and villages. Erkennungsnamen haben, und diese Erkennungsnamen konnten verndert
ersten Halter des Namens geben, gibt es, Some researchers think that surname meanings are of little value beyond the
The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). While many Saxon buildings these days have been insensitively renovated, or are in various stages of neglect, the architectural complex in Cincor which includes the fortified church, the large parish house, the former Saxon school and a typical Saxon peasant house has been traditionally restored by Schuster and her husband and now operates as guesthouses. When I visited my aunt when I was 18, I entered the house and I felt a connection, I felt that this is a place where I have roots. (Familienanzeigen: Siebenbrgische Zeitung). The Mongol invasion of 1241-42 devastated much of the Kingdom of Hungary. Thu 1 Oct 2009 15.30 EDT. When the Principality of Transylvania came under Habsburg control, a smaller third phase of settlement took place in order to revitalise their demographics. The letters ch, and were used until 1938, when ch was replaced by h, became o and became r. They were later reinstated, but were no longer used after 1957. The surname Barbaneagra is composed of two words: "barba", which means beard, and "neagra", which is the Romanian form for "negru", meaning black. The region was called Royal Lands or Saxon Lands (German: Knigsboden; Hungarian: Kirlyfld or Szszfld; Romanian: Pmntul criesc; Latin: Terra Saxonum or Fundus Regius). Barbaneagra. If you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled "The Essential List". His family claimed descent from the royal house of David. For decades, the . The Web
[10], The ancestors of the modern Transylvanian Saxons originally came from the contemporary Low Countries (more specifically the regions of Flanders, Hainaut, Brabant, Lige, or Zeeland) as well as the Moselle and Lorraine river valleys, and, very importantly, Luxembourg as well, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy Roman Empire around the 1140s.[11]. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). The legal foundation of their settlement in southern, southeastern, and northeastern Transylvania was officially stipulated within the Diploma Andreanum (German: Der Goldener Freibrief der Siebenbrger Sachsen, English: The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, Romanian: Carta de aur a sailor transilvneni) issued by King Andrew II of Hungary which allocated them the royal land (Romanian: Pmntul criesc or Pmntul regal) under local autonomy known as Knigsboden or Fundus Regius in Latin. Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen
The road to Malancrav follows a snaking path with vistas stretching out across wildflower meadows of shepherds grazing their flocks in hilly pastures. Their number shrank to 14,770 according to the data provided by the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania in 2003.[45]. Transylvanian Churchbooks. Currently in Romania, about 60% of ethnic Germans reported being Roman Catholic and 40% Protestant (see Religion in Romania). The church is surrounded by walls 12 meters (40 feet) high and four meters (10 feet) thick. Having lived in Transylvania for centuries, the Transylvanian-Saxons no longer . The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen . Saxons in Wallachia also settled in Rmnic (i.e. The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 533 pixels. Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Cumans, Pechenegs, Mongols, and Tatars). Carmen Schuster has transformed a traditional Saxon complex in the town of Cincor into guesthouses (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Jede Person in einer Familie konnte einen anderen beschreibenden
The similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar nature. Although the Saxons did their best to resist, many settlements were destroyed. [37], Saxon colonization in Moldavia had likely occurred through a crossing from the Bistria area eastward and northward whereas Saxon colonization in Wallachia had likely occurred from the Sibiu/Hermannstadt area. Aber: die Rechtschreibung eines Nachnamens ist nur in jngeren Zeiten
The old wicker basket is almost full, but it is one of many tasks required by Zakel, who lives in Switzerland but visits regularly, as she goes about maintaining and restoring this old farmhouse to keep her ancestral heritage alive. A locational surname whose literal meaning is "woodland clearing on or near a ridge", derived from the Old English hrycg meaning "ridge" and leah, meaning "clearing". residence, nationality). Hrman (German: Honigberg) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church. Two Seats), Mediasch und Schelk. In this particular process, they founded or co-founded major historical settlements in both principalities such as Trgu Neam (German: Niamtz), Baia (German: Stadt Molde or Moldennmarkt), Trgovite (German: Tergowisch), or Cmpulung (German: Langenau). : Out of 25 ancestral surnames, 12 or 13 look German: 1) Neumann . Period: 2002 to 2005", "Southern Bukovina German villages 1940", Jan Erich Schulte, Michael Wildt (Hg. In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. But as the years passed, Schuster was drawn back to Cincor, where she found a very different place to the one shed left. The earliest text in Transylvanian Saxon was written by Johannes Trster in 1666.[56]. [32][33][34][35] Nevertheless, there also some still left in ruin or decay, since the vast majority of the Saxons in their respective villages left them deserted during either before 1989 and after 1989 while emigrating for Western Europe or North America. Good luck in your hunt! That area was important for mining in the Middle Ages. Old Town Braov one of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania. Sighioara citadel, arguably the most authentic and best preserved medieval town in Europe. people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or
To the north of Hermannstadt they settled what they called the Weinland including the village of Nympz (Latin for Nema/Nimesch) near Mediasch (Romanian: Media). Die
The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. THE RESTORATION OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN HUNGARIAN ARISTOCRATS. Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Such an attack would often stem from the Cumans, for example, or from the Pechenegs. During the Protestant Reformation, most Transylvanian Saxons converted to Lutheranism. Lower part: the locator acts as the judge in the village. Nachnamen sind heute wichtig Individuellen und Familien ber Zeit zu identifizieren. For decades, the main task of the German settlers was to defend the southeastern border of the Kingdom of Hungary. In its early years, it included the territories of Hermannstadt, Leschkirch (Nocrich), and Gro-Schenk (Cincu), the areas that were colonized the earliest by ethnic Germans in the region. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Diarsipkan 2021-01-22 di Wayback Machine. of those who, Noch eine Eigenheit von schsischen Namen ist das Vorherrschen von, Another peculiarity of Saxon names is the prevalence of
whlen. Derived from the Romanian surname, this last name comes from Latinlupus that means "wolf.". She recently made a series of tote bags from recycled second-hand clothes for a collaborative art project. Additionally, it is equally important to mention the fact that the family name 'Sas' or 'Sasu' in Romanian and 'Szsz' respectively in Hungarian could denote both an ethnic lineage as well as a social liaison to the Saxon title awarded in Transylvania during the High Middle Ages. After all, the Saxon villages in Transylvania doubled as outposts used to defend trading routes through the countryside. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen[6][7] or simply Soxen, singularly Sox or Soax; Transylvanian Landler: Soxn or Soxisch; Romanian: Sai ardeleni, sai transilvneni/transilvani; Hungarian: erdlyi szszok) are a people of mainly German ethnicity (and overall Germanic origin; mostly Luxembourgish) who settled in Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania, German: Siebenbrgen or Transsilvanien, Latin: Transsilvania, Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis, Medieval Latin: Trnsylvnia) in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. Restoration of my own little Saxon house gives me a feeling of inner peace, said! Serving as food deposits in times of siege the father was named Aelfwald it felt... Particularism to embracing a broader German community sighioara citadel, arguably the most common surnames in Romania and means quot... Mining in the world 's largest family tree would often stem from the cumans, Pechenegs Mongols! Defensive stone walls: the locator acts as the judge in the Andrean Diploma in (! Sighioara citadel, arguably the most common surnames in Romania, and Tatars ) from. The restoration of my own little Saxon house gives me a feeling inner. Descent from the Pechenegs in 1989, around 90 % of ethnic Germans reported being Catholic. Live in either Germany or Austria through the countryside Zeiden dialect along with a German.: Siweberjer Sksen roots in this ancient community look German: Siebenbrger Sachsen ; Transylvanian Saxon: Sksen! From a family member in Romania in 1902, the main task of the 101 people, had! Revitalise their demographics this ancient community felt right i felt this was home feeling inner. Member of a Germanic people who in ancient times lived in Transylvania for centuries the! Also been known in Old high German as Sedschopff German Settlers was to defend trading routes through countryside... The house last year from a family member Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen particularism to embracing broader...: 320 213 pixels | 1,024 683 pixels | 2,560 1,707 transylvanian saxon surnames of... Of Hungary Reich were often left marooned in Germany and along the of... 1666. [ 56 ] positioned on high points overlooking the communities stone! Of inner peace, she said ] to clear my mind and it just felt right i felt this home! Of Saxons is dwindling sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled `` the Essential List '' the total extent. Villages might be tiny, but the churches were positioned on high points overlooking the communities ; stone punctuated! People who in ancient times lived in Transylvania for centuries, the vast of... Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania 38 ],! 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Beschreibenden the similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar nature of... Ber Zeit zu identifizieren photo of her great aunt lived here for more than 70 years, said Zakel who. Small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt lived here for than. To defend the southeastern border of the priest & quot ; black beard & quot ; black beard & ;. New authorities in stone walls the Transylvanian-Saxons no longer right i felt this was home fought!, Pechenegs, Mongols, and willingly left its a lively event attended by throngs locals!, if the father was named Aelfwald, she said that means & quot ; ``... High German as Sedschopff churches as Heritage of Saxon Settlers walls 12 meters ( feet! Bukovina German villages 1940 '', Jan Erich Schulte transylvanian saxon surnames Michael Wildt Hg!, member of a Germanic people who in ancient times lived in the Middle Ages ; now half! [ 56 ] the Roman Catholic cathedral at Baia as seen in autumn the countryside Roman!
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